Menene lumbar osteochondrosis da kuma yadda za a bi da shi?

Kusan 80% na mazaunan kasarmu suna fama da osteochondrosis na lumbar, amma kawai rabin su suna neman taimakon likita. Babban alamar cutar shine ciwo a baya da baya, wanda zai iya haskakawa zuwa ƙananan ƙafafu.

Lumbar osteochondrosis yana faruwa daidai sau da yawa a cikin mata da maza. Daga cikin marasa lafiya, mutane sama da shekaru 30 sun fi yawa.

Menene lumbar osteochondrosis?

Osteochondrosis na lumbar kashin baya (lumbar osteochondrosis) wani rauni ne na degenerative-dystrophic na vertebrae da intervertebral fayafai, wanda ke da dogon lokaci na tsawon lokaci kuma yana iya zama mai rikitarwa ta hanyar hernias intervertebral, kumburi na jijiyar sciatic da cauda equina ciwo.

Osteochondrosis na kashin baya sau da yawa yana rinjayar yankin lumbar, saboda yana ɗaukar nauyi mafi girma a lokacin motsi, aiki na jiki ko aikin zama.

Yankin lumbar yana tsakanin kashin thoracic da sacral. An kafa ta da manyan kasusuwa guda biyar da ke haɗe da fayafai na intervertebral.

Faifan intervertebral mai siffar diski ne kuma an yi shi da nama na guringuntsi. A tsakiyar diski akwai ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa wanda ke kewaye da zoben fibrous.

Fayafai na intervertebral sune "masu shayarwa" na jiki, godiya ga su kashin baya ya kasance mai sassauƙa da wayar hannu.

Osteochondrosis yana haifar da rushewar microcirculation da metabolism a cikin fayafai na intervertebral, don haka sun zama ƙasa da na roba.

Degenerative-dystrophic tafiyar matakai na kashin baya kai ga bushewa daga intervertebral fayafai da kuma rage a tsawo.

Muhimmanci! A tsawon lokaci, nauyin da ke kan zoben fibrous yana ƙaruwa kuma yana raguwa, tushen jijiyoyi na kashin baya ya zama tsinke, yana haifar da ciwo.

Maganin rashin lokaci na lumbar osteochondrosis yana haifar da raunin motsi na kashin baya da nakasa na mai haƙuri.

Me ke haifar da bayyanar lumbar osteochondrosis?

Ba shi yiwuwa a gano takamaiman dalili na lumbar osteochondrosis.

Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da faruwar wannan cuta:

• Lumbar osteochondrosis yana faruwa ne saboda tsawan lokaci mai yawa na tsokoki na igiya na lumbar ko hawan jini. A sakamakon haka, nauyin da ke kan kashin baya yana ƙaruwa, microcirculation yana rushewa kuma canje-canje na degenerative-dystrophic ya bayyana a cikin kasusuwa da guringuntsi na kashin baya da diski na intervertebral;
• ka'idar endocrin yana nuna abin da ya faru na osteochondrosis a kan bango na rushewar glandar endocrine;
• ka'idar metabolism - rikice-rikice na rayuwa, musamman alli;
• ka'idar gado - predisposition na kwayoyin halitta zuwa lumbar osteochondrosis;
• ka'idar autoimmune ita ce lalata kashi da guringuntsi na kashin baya ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi na mutum;
• ka'idar tsarin microtraumas.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da canje-canje na degenerative-dystrophic a cikin kashin lumbar na iya zama:

• rashin aiki na jiki da zaman zama, galibin salon rayuwa (ma'aikatan ofis, direbobi, masu shirye-shirye, masu kuɗi);
• zama a matsayi ɗaya na dogon lokaci (matan allura, masu jira);
• pathology na gabobin endocrine;
• cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini;
• cututtuka na tsarin narkewa;
• aiki mai nauyi na jiki (masu lodi, magina);
• rashin ɗaukar nauyi da motsa jiki a lokacin wasanni;
• autoimmune da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa mai kumburi;
• nakasar anomalies na kashin baya;
• lebur ƙafa da ƙwallon ƙafa;
• raunuka na baya na inji;
• pathology na rayuwa;
• physiological tsufa na jiki;
• Matsayi mara kyau a cikin ƙuruciya;
• kiba da kiba;
• rashin abinci mara kyau da rashin lafiya;
• kwayoyin halitta predisposition;
• barci a cikin hamma, a kan katifar ruwa ko iska, ko gado;
• damuwa na kullum;
• m hypothermia na ƙananan baya.

Pathogenetic rarrabuwa na lumbar osteochondrosis

Hanyar lumbar osteochondrosis za a iya raba zuwa matakai masu zuwa:

• mataki na canje-canje na dystrophic a cikin fayafai na intervertebral na guringuntsi, wanda aka kwatanta da raguwa na sararin samaniya;
• matakin spondylosis yana da lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa da yawa daga cikin kashin baya na lumbar;
• mataki na spondyloarthrosis - tsarin ya yada zuwa ga haɗin gwiwar intervertebral, wanda ya rage yawan motsi na kashin baya na lumbar.

Ta yaya lumbar osteochondrosis ke bayyana?

Ban sha'awa! Bayyanar cututtuka na lumbar osteochondrosis sun bambanta kuma sau da yawa ana gane shi azaman cutar gabobin ciki.

Saboda haka, wajibi ne a gudanar da cikakken bincike na jiki don ware yanayin barazanar rayuwa (m appendicitis, m pancreatitis, m cholecystitis da sauransu).

Ana iya gano manyan alamun cutar:

• ciwo mai raɗaɗi a cikin ƙananan baya, wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da motsi na gaggawa da kuma tsawon zama. Ana samun sauƙi ta hanyar kwanciya;
• ciwo mai zafi na unilateral a cikin tsokoki na gluteal, wanda ke ƙaruwa bayan motsi, tari, atishawa, dariya mai tsanani. Taimako yana fitowa daga matsayi a kwance a gefen lafiya ko matsayi na gwiwar gwiwa tare da matashin kai a ƙarƙashin ciki;
• jin zafi mai raɗaɗi a cikin ƙananan baya wanda ke bayyana ba zato ba tsammani lokacin ɗaga abubuwa masu nauyi ko karkatar da jiki gaba ko baya. Wani tashin hankali na iya damun mara lafiya na kwanaki da yawa. Don rage ciwo, mai haƙuri yana cikin matsayi na tilasta kwance;
• raguwa a cikin ƙarar ɗaya daga cikin gindi;
• rashin hankali na fata na ƙananan baya da buttocks (numbness, tingling, konewa);
• bushewa da canza launin fata (blue discoloration) na ƙananan baya da gindi;
• hypofunction na glandon gumi na ƙananan baya da gindi;
• rashin aiki na tsarin genitourinary (dysuria, enuresis, rashin ƙarfi).

Bincike na lumbar osteochondrosis

Mai haƙuri ya kamata a hankali tattara gunaguni, anamnesis na rashin lafiya da rayuwa. Hanyoyin cututtuka na asibiti halayen lumbar osteochondrosis suna da darajar bincike mai girma, ciki har da masu zuwa:

1. Ciwon vertebral ya ƙunshi alamomi masu zuwa:

• bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka na ginshiƙan kashin baya ko ƙarfafawa da daidaitawa na ƙwanƙwasa physiological (ƙaramar lordosis, scoliosis ko lordoscoliosis);
• taurin kashin baya na lumbar ta hanyar spasm na tsokoki na paravertebral;
• zafi a cikin kashin baya na lumbar, wanda zai iya haskakawa zuwa gindi ko ƙananan ƙafa;
• zafi a kan palpation na paravertebral maki.
2. Ciwon Reflex yana faruwa ne saboda tsinke tushen jijiya na kashin baya na lumbar kuma yana haɗuwa da waɗannan alamun:
• zafi mai tsanani a cikin yankin lumbar da kuma yankunan da ke haifar da jijiyoyi;
• "lumbago" a cikin yankin lumbar, wanda ke kawo wahala mai yawa ga marasa lafiya;
• rashin hankali da rashin tausayi na yankunan da ke cikin innervation ta hanyar jijiyoyi masu lalacewa (numbness, tingling, goosebumps, konewa);
• raunin motsi na kashin baya na lumbar;
3. Ciwon matsawa shine bayyanar asibiti na matsawa, ƙwanƙwasa tushen jijiya na jijiyoyi na kashin baya da tasoshin kashin baya a cikin foramina intervertebral. Za a iya matsawa jijiyoyi da tasoshin ta hanyar fitowar fayafai na intervertebral, osteophytes (haɓaka kashi), fayafai na intervertebral herniated (Schmorl's hernia):

• paresis da inna na ƙananan extremities;
• dysfunctions na tsarin genitourinary;
• na kullum discirculatory myelopathy;
• cauda equina matsawa.

Ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a yi ganewar asali ba bisa ƙarar majiyyaci ɗaya kawai, don haka algorithm gwajin dole ne ya haɗa da ƙarin hanyoyin gano kayan aiki:

• X-ray na kashin baya na lumbar a cikin tsinkaye na gaba da na gefe. A kan x-ray za ka iya gani a fili kunkuntar da intervertebral sarari da foramina, Schmorl ta hernias, gaban osteophytes (kashi girma);
• magnetic resonance imaging na lumbar kashin baya, wanda ke ba ka damar daidaita daidaitaccen yanki da girman tsarin, matsawa na kashin baya da tasoshin jini, ƙaura daga fayafai na intervertebral da hernias;
• Ana yin lissafta hoto don manufa ɗaya da hoton maganadisu. Tare da taimakon ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga, abubuwan da ke tattare da nama mai laushi (tsokoki, tasoshin jini, kashin baya) suna da kyau a gani.

Jiyya na lumbar osteochondrosis

Muhimmanci! Osteochondrosis na lumbar kashin baya cuta ce da ba za ta iya warkewa ba.

A waɗanne hanyoyi da kuma yadda za a bi da osteochondrosis? Yin amfani da hanyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da marasa ra'ayin mazan jiya, za ku iya rage zafi kawai, rage jinkirin ci gaban matakai na degenerative da hana rikitarwa. Da zarar an fara jiyya, mafi girman damar ci gaba da tafiya da guje wa nakasa.

Jiyya algorithm don lumbar osteochondrosis:

1. Hanyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya:
• maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi;
• farfadowa na jiki;
• tausa da kai;
• maganin hannu;
• acupuncture;
• physiotherapy.
2. Maganin tiyata.

Maganin magani

Babban manufar maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi shine don kawar da ciwo da kumburi a cikin kashin baya da ƙananan baya. Don wannan dalili, an tsara ƙungiyoyin magunguna masu zuwa:

• Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal suna da tasirin anti-mai kumburi da analgesic. Don kawar da mummunan tasirin kwayoyi na wannan rukuni a kan mucosa na ciki, an haɗa su tare da masu hana proton pump;
• tsoka relaxants taimaka spasm na paravertebral tsokoki, don haka rage zafi da kuma kara motsi na kashin baya. Wadannan kwayoyi na iya shafar tsokoki na numfashi, don haka an rubuta su a karkashin kulawar likita.
• chondroprotectors, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa na guringuntsi nama, mayar da kuma kare intervertebral fayafai da gidajen abinci na kashin baya daga mummunan dalilai;
• Ana gudanar da glucocorticosteroids ta hanyar paravertebral. Godiya ga glucocorticosteroids, tasirin anti-mai kumburi na dogon lokaci yana faruwa;
• bitamin far. An ba da wuri na musamman a cikin maganin osteochondrosis na lumbar zuwa bitamin B (B1, B6, B12);
• na gida far.

motsa jiki na warkewa

Ana gudanar da aikin motsa jiki da gymnastics don rage ciwo da kuma kawar da ƙwayar tsoka.

Ban sha'awa! A lokacin lokacin tashin hankali na tsari, taimako yana fitowa daga matsayi na tilastawa a baya tare da ƙaramin matashin kai a ƙarƙashin kai da lankwasa ƙafafu a hip da gwiwa gwiwa. Kuna buƙatar kwanta akan ƙasa mai wuya.

Lokacin da yanayin ya inganta, zaku iya fara yin motsa jiki tare da madaidaicin nauyi mai ƙarfi akan ƙungiyoyin tsoka daban-daban na baya, gaɓoɓin jiki, da ƙananan gaɓoɓin. A lokacin aikin motsa jiki don osteochondrosis na yankin lumbar, kuna buƙatar numfashi da yardar kaina, kada ku riƙe numfashinku.

A lokacin lokacin gafara, za'a iya yin gyaran gyare-gyare na kashin baya, wanda ya ba ka damar sakin tushen jijiyoyi na kashin baya.

Maganin hannu

Jiyya na hannu shine tasiri na manual dosed akan tsokoki da vertebrae, da nufin gyara hanyoyin tafiyar da cututtuka a cikin kashin baya.

Tare da taimakon magungunan hannu, za ku iya bi da kashin baya kuma ku dawo da matsayi na al'ada na kashin baya da fayafai na intervertebral.

Muhimmanci! Don guje wa rauni na kashin baya, ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren likita ne kawai ya kamata ya yi maganin hannu.

Acupuncture

Hanyar acupuncture ta ƙunshi yin amfani da allura na bakin ciki zuwa wuraren aiki, sakamakon abin da opiates na ciki da cortisol suka shiga cikin jini, wanda ke da tasirin anti-mai kumburi da analgesic.

Massage da kai

Massage yana amfani da dabaru irin su shafa, shafa da murƙushe tsokoki na baya, yankin kwala, tsokoki na ƙwanƙwasa da ƙananan ƙafafu.

Physiotherapy

Hanyoyin physiotherapeutic sun haɗa da:

• electrophoresis;
• tausa da girgiza;
• maganadisu far;
• balneotherapy
• duban dan tayi far;
• maganin laka;
• jiyya tare da hasken ultraviolet.

An yanke shawarar yin aikin tiyata a ƙarshe.

Amma a gaban ciwon ciwo mai ɗorewa, wanda za'a iya samun sauƙi tare da magani na tsawon watanni uku, da kuma a lokuta na cauda equina compression syndrome, rashin aiki na gabobin pelvic da ci gaba na ƙafar ƙafa, tiyata ya zama dole.

Lumbar osteochondrosis ya kamata a dauki da gaske. ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitoci ne kawai za a gudanar da magani, irin su likitan jijiyoyin jiki, likitan physiotherapist, likitan motsa jiki, chiropractor da sauran su.

Magungunan kai don lumbar osteochondrosis na iya zama ba kawai mara amfani ba, har ma da haɗari ga lafiyar ku.